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Jun 4, 2024 12:34 PM
实验目的和要求
- 熟练掌握IP网络划分
- 掌握静态路由配置,理解路由表原理
- 理解动态路由、尝试RIP协议配置
- 学习如何Troubleshooting
- 实验拓扑图:
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd05f4ce9-0f3c-43b1-b6a6-2a8560c76994%2F1.png?table=block&id=8deca423-bdbf-489e-9768-fcf24eeaa9eb&t=8deca423-bdbf-489e-9768-fcf24eeaa9eb&width=528&cache=v2)
先学习Demo示例
◦ demo-static route.pkt 中配置了静态路由
◦ demo-RIP.pkt 中配置了RIP协议
◦ 观察路由表,测试各主机间的连通性
打开demo-RIP pkt文件,可查看demo中的路由表配置,均已启用了RIP协议
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F020b9de9-c361-4b2d-b99a-c24700fb2eab%2Fdemo1.png?table=block&id=215a66aa-80e8-4fe4-9bf2-84dfa7419348&t=215a66aa-80e8-4fe4-9bf2-84dfa7419348&width=528&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F55cd5638-bb9d-44a5-b3c2-df05149ffd40%2Fdemo2.png?table=block&id=f0d71278-3d53-4eb1-862f-608888c42ec1&t=f0d71278-3d53-4eb1-862f-608888c42ec1&width=336&cache=v2)
对demo文件进行传输测试,文件包均可从PC0和PC2经交换机switch0传递到路由Router0,再通过串行链路传递给路由Router1,依次给交换机switch1再传递给PC1和PC3,实现了两个局域网之间的信息传递。
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fa6e73c46-f851-4fa5-a3a9-5457beee6f73%2Fdemo3.png?table=block&id=b529c1d9-5990-4ab2-8237-f3b19b3586d7&t=b529c1d9-5990-4ab2-8237-f3b19b3586d7&width=576&cache=v2)
进行主机间通信测试
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F88a46a17-f26c-4979-8100-cba2467e002d%2Fdemo8.png?table=block&id=ebdd44f3-295f-4356-ba32-f3ce2e8849d7&t=ebdd44f3-295f-4356-ba32-f3ce2e8849d7&width=336&cache=v2)
打开demo-static route pkt文件,可查看demo中的路由表静态地址配置
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F6c8fdca6-cb58-4a90-b792-19d73feacf05%2Fdemo4.png?table=block&id=5223fca6-8505-4aee-81cf-0dd650b44966&t=5223fca6-8505-4aee-81cf-0dd650b44966&width=1328&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe0963e02-49cf-48c8-9bb5-c1b2feb41826%2Fdemo5.png?table=block&id=f5bd4d5e-e394-4083-8974-2a234ddb2100&t=f5bd4d5e-e394-4083-8974-2a234ddb2100&width=336&cache=v2)
对demo文件进行传输测试,同理论推理一样,文件包从PC0和PC2经交换机、路由器以及串行链路实现了两个局域网之间的信息传递。
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F27f88987-62e1-4fb4-be74-8c4215f16fc4%2Fdemo6.png?table=block&id=1ac17062-5784-4db3-a257-bff1e4a5e54f&t=1ac17062-5784-4db3-a257-bff1e4a5e54f&width=480&cache=v2)
进行主机间通信测试
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F3819dda3-642d-45dd-9a26-1eb160d9b22e%2Fdemo7.png?table=block&id=09cd9b37-b56f-459b-825a-cbf842a0f264&t=09cd9b37-b56f-459b-825a-cbf842a0f264&width=384&cache=v2)
实验步骤
1. 在Packet Tracer中搭建网络,打开路由器接口,其中,router11和router12之间使用串行链路连接,不需要进行链路层配置。
- 根据实验操作,router11和router12成功连接:
- Router11
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F22a2f04e-d963-40af-b95b-98f5e5a0847d%2F2.png?table=block&id=1c6db3c4-6807-4c4c-a15f-517931c6d110&t=1c6db3c4-6807-4c4c-a15f-517931c6d110&width=528&cache=v2)
Router12
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe6fa8fd6-1286-43ee-b99f-106618b8ee41%2F3.png?table=block&id=3e8c275f-92d6-4ce9-a7ec-e97b10f408e3&t=3e8c275f-92d6-4ce9-a7ec-e97b10f408e3&width=528&cache=v2)
- 服务器Server0配置
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F377689e0-7dce-47e8-a210-db873a0bd2be%2F12.png?table=block&id=f930155b-d49c-4cb1-854b-5b4c8928703e&t=f930155b-d49c-4cb1-854b-5b4c8928703e&width=528&cache=v2)
- 实验最终网络拓扑图
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fc97eafaa-71b6-4235-a4e3-ee1d18579f68%2F4.png?table=block&id=4cd0b71d-a866-41bf-9f0c-e92aa498fda6&t=4cd0b71d-a866-41bf-9f0c-e92aa498fda6&width=432&cache=v2)
2. 规划并为各设备接口配置IP地址
校园网的总地址块为172.16.192.0/20,按要求为各子网分配合适的前缀将默认网关IP配置为该子网的最大主机IP
- 根据校园网地址块为:172.16.192.0/20,同时要求播音学院500台主机,文学院300台主机,计网学院1800台主机,总共需要主机为2600主机。
- 同时总共的需要进行分配的地址数为2^12次方
- 根据分析和计算做出如下分配使得网络地址满足要求
子网地址 | 子网掩码 | 前缀 | 第一个主机地址 | 最后一个主机地址 | 广播地址 | 可用主机数 |
172.16.192.0 | 255.255.248.0 | 21 | 172.16.192.1 | 172.16.192.254 | 172.16.199.255 | 2046 |
172.16.200.0 | 255.255.254.0 | 23 | 172.16.200.1 | 172.16.201.254 | 172.16.201.255 | 510 |
172.16.202.0 | 255.255.254.0 | 23 | 172.16.202.1 | 172.16.203.254 | 172.16.203.255 | 510 |
- 主机网络配置
PC0
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd21d5ee7-b2a1-4498-98f6-96cd7d9ae8ed%2FPC0.png?table=block&id=230704d8-112d-4a6d-893f-8c570196936f&t=230704d8-112d-4a6d-893f-8c570196936f&width=1396&cache=v2)
PC1
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ff5367883-af04-48de-a213-640765b26fca%2FPC1.png?table=block&id=08640511-ccca-4037-9214-914d090df8ba&t=08640511-ccca-4037-9214-914d090df8ba&width=1392&cache=v2)
PC2
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fba56f37c-25e6-4906-9867-b7880196b779%2FPC2.png?table=block&id=076e02f6-8ed5-4c50-aca4-2a40aaf9e05d&t=076e02f6-8ed5-4c50-aca4-2a40aaf9e05d&width=1390&cache=v2)
PC3
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F5a807b65-4d86-4c14-a751-f0f8db2a6f19%2FPC3.png?table=block&id=a6ec64c3-afc0-4c94-b969-01cd7d382bed&t=a6ec64c3-afc0-4c94-b969-01cd7d382bed&width=1396&cache=v2)
PC4
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F93419fd9-735a-463d-a229-532540a2cfd1%2FPC4.png?table=block&id=665ffee6-5a54-4d34-92a4-e7b888d0cff5&t=665ffee6-5a54-4d34-92a4-e7b888d0cff5&width=1398&cache=v2)
PC5
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd421a319-073f-4e51-9756-fc1ab0aa24a1%2FPC5.png?table=block&id=3e54991a-6de8-493a-909d-b6cc90243ffd&t=3e54991a-6de8-493a-909d-b6cc90243ffd&width=1402&cache=v2)
3. 在路由器上配置静态路由,使网络连通,观察记录每台路由器的路由表
- 根据分配得到的结果对路由Router1、Router2、Router3进行静态路由分配,并使得子网中的主机能够互通
- Router1
- Router2
- Router3
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb678096b-4613-4da1-9b64-481376988eb3%2F5.png?table=block&id=0dfb55d3-4f8b-4698-bec2-a39b4d90c7e3&t=0dfb55d3-4f8b-4698-bec2-a39b4d90c7e3&width=576&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F9ad86679-89ec-403c-89fd-99f877f28b47%2F6.png?table=block&id=202659c0-6284-4b6a-8edb-9954b4cc03a0&t=202659c0-6284-4b6a-8edb-9954b4cc03a0&width=576&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F29207bbd-d62e-45a2-b86e-d96f64100b2c%2F7.png?table=block&id=e1d4b17f-d01a-4b1c-8fa9-15552005737f&t=e1d4b17f-d01a-4b1c-8fa9-15552005737f&width=576&cache=v2)
- 对子网中的主机通信进行测试
- PC0—PC2成功通信
- PC0—PC4成功通信
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F347a297c-4864-42cb-b6a8-0e48b2780598%2F8.png?table=block&id=b7ea340a-2a81-4f71-b6b0-8c03103bda40&t=b7ea340a-2a81-4f71-b6b0-8c03103bda40&width=384&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fda4c0d78-426c-4729-b6d2-20ce0be3689f%2F9.png?table=block&id=d44e1150-9487-4e02-b06f-f107253219ec&t=d44e1150-9487-4e02-b06f-f107253219ec&width=384&cache=v2)
- 通过PC0访问服务器Server0
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fc63c3bdd-4944-4f1d-85a6-0afcc068636b%2F11.png?table=block&id=4a84d16c-16a4-4f2e-ad19-675fa0077f58&t=4a84d16c-16a4-4f2e-ad19-675fa0077f58&width=384&cache=v2)
- 通过PC0的Web Browser访问思科网址
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F9672573c-60ee-406e-9dbe-b507ab598089%2F10.png?table=block&id=ff85934a-269d-4cfd-82d2-bd6fcfa74def&t=ff85934a-269d-4cfd-82d2-bd6fcfa74def&width=384&cache=v2)
4. 可选:
- 上一步测试完成后,删除各路由器上的静态路由
- 在路由器上配置启用RIP路由协议(详见附录)
- 3观察记录每台路由器的路由表,是否产生了RIP路由(Type为“R”的路由项)
根据操作删除之前配置好的静态路由,并根据说明配置好RIP路由协议
- Router11
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fa304151b-620e-4fe1-9d6e-3f93dd2f0c2e%2F13.png?table=block&id=e655c276-34ed-4b0c-98de-5ce8dc0db722&t=e655c276-34ed-4b0c-98de-5ce8dc0db722&width=336&cache=v2)
- Router12
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F1ee71fe1-6782-49b6-83a1-6bb4b94c6fcd%2F14.png?table=block&id=bec7cab0-a613-4018-842b-cd8e29ccc1e0&t=bec7cab0-a613-4018-842b-cd8e29ccc1e0&width=1388&cache=v2)
- Router1
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F642169d4-07b3-4756-a8db-707000abc37b%2F15.png?table=block&id=b0a1a8b8-3067-492d-a09c-3fa61c71ffce&t=b0a1a8b8-3067-492d-a09c-3fa61c71ffce&width=1408&cache=v2)
- Router2
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb5cb1019-bf0e-4109-98de-268fc00583db%2F16.png?table=block&id=a6ceb04e-c480-4625-898f-a7e2d8c75703&t=a6ceb04e-c480-4625-898f-a7e2d8c75703&width=1376&cache=v2)
- Router3
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7cccaf9a-1b0c-4d71-984b-e9e814674a20%2F17.png?table=block&id=8701d1a1-861a-48aa-a2a6-674726e55a85&t=8701d1a1-861a-48aa-a2a6-674726e55a85&width=1374&cache=v2)
- 测试子网中主机通信
- PC0——PC2
- PC0——PC4
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F58d060cc-d268-4495-8c3d-aee9fad94ae8%2F18.png?table=block&id=7b330f70-35b7-44da-8891-d501516270f8&t=7b330f70-35b7-44da-8891-d501516270f8&width=432&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F3757d460-2608-49c7-a517-4df0213154fa%2F19.png?table=block&id=aabde37c-30e7-4282-9b81-b70d529e2f2a&t=aabde37c-30e7-4282-9b81-b70d529e2f2a&width=432&cache=v2)
- 通过PC0再次访问思科网站
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd96c7784-fa92-4067-b5ff-2e7aa5f4da2a%2F20.png?table=block&id=df26997a-7812-473e-aa57-03615fc6c780&t=df26997a-7812-473e-aa57-03615fc6c780&width=480&cache=v2)
要求:(均已完成)
所有主机都能相互通信,都能访问服务器(使用ping或浏览器访问服务器的web主页)
实验记录内容:
- 记录地址块的分配方案,列出每个局域网的网络号、子网掩码、最小主机IP、最大主机IP。
子网地址 | 子网掩码 | 前缀 | 第一个主机地址 | 最后一个主机地址 | 广播地址 | 可用主机数 |
172.16.192.0 | 255.255.248.0 | 21 | 172.16.192.1 | 172.16.192.254 | 172.16.199.255 | 2046 |
172.16.200.0 | 255.255.254.0 | 23 | 172.16.200.1 | 172.16.201.254 | 172.16.201.255 | 510 |
172.16.202.0 | 255.255.254.0 | 23 | 172.16.202.1 | 172.16.203.254 | 172.16.203.255 | 510 |
- 记录各路由器的路由表
- 可查看上述实验内容已详细记录各路由器路由表
- 记录各主机网络地址配置
PC0
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd21d5ee7-b2a1-4498-98f6-96cd7d9ae8ed%2FPC0.png?table=block&id=344fc2bb-9103-456d-9901-cfe63095be37&t=344fc2bb-9103-456d-9901-cfe63095be37&width=1396&cache=v2)
PC2
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fba56f37c-25e6-4906-9867-b7880196b779%2FPC2.png?table=block&id=50bcfdf1-621a-4eea-a449-8ec3694c5dfd&t=50bcfdf1-621a-4eea-a449-8ec3694c5dfd&width=1390&cache=v2)
PC4
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F93419fd9-735a-463d-a229-532540a2cfd1%2FPC4.png?table=block&id=21f56c49-e4bb-4435-9b6f-7791eca3be98&t=21f56c49-e4bb-4435-9b6f-7791eca3be98&width=1398&cache=v2)
PC1
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ff5367883-af04-48de-a213-640765b26fca%2FPC1.png?table=block&id=e96128a3-7945-4d8a-ad28-bbe44330df04&t=e96128a3-7945-4d8a-ad28-bbe44330df04&width=288&cache=v2)
PC3
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F5a807b65-4d86-4c14-a751-f0f8db2a6f19%2FPC3.png?table=block&id=dd169f1e-1624-4358-b9c7-1707ed743d5d&t=dd169f1e-1624-4358-b9c7-1707ed743d5d&width=1396&cache=v2)
PC5
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd421a319-073f-4e51-9756-fc1ab0aa24a1%2FPC5.png?table=block&id=cf8b8f90-8c2c-406f-ba4d-a267c0f63827&t=cf8b8f90-8c2c-406f-ba4d-a267c0f63827&width=1402&cache=v2)
实验总结
对于RIP协议的理解
- 在使用Cisco Packet Tracer配置RIP协议的过程中深刻体会到了RIP消息传得慢这个客观事实,当网络出现故障时,需要经过比较长的时间才能将此信息传送到所有的路由器。例:假设有3个路由器,且这三个路由器都已经建立了各自的路由表,现在路由器R1和网1的连接线路与染短开。路由器R1发现后,将到网1的距离改为16,并将此信息发给路由器R2。由于路由器R3发给R2的信息是:“到网1经过R2距离为2”,于是R2将此项目更新为“到网1经过R3距离为3”,发给R3。R3再发给R2信息:“到网1经过距离为4”。这样一直到距离增大到16时,R2和R3才知道网1是不可达的。这一特点叫做:好消息传播得快,而坏消息传播得慢。像这种网络出故障的传播时间往往需要较长的时间,因此,RIP坏消息传得慢。
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fa386ea20-adac-4603-8b21-1b959fc48d24%2F%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93.png?table=block&id=3c288cd7-bb37-43c1-80f2-328e20318d17&t=3c288cd7-bb37-43c1-80f2-328e20318d17&width=336&cache=v2)
- 路由器命令小结:
在查阅相关资料发下,在配置路由的过程中除了通过可视化界面操作,命令行CLI的操作其实效率更高,更符合实际的应用测试场景,为此我用命令行的操作复现了以上的实验内容,同样也得到了相同的效果。
- 作者:百川🌊
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